Articles by Peter

Batteries are the engines of our electrified future, but when they die they become a complicated puzzle. Different chemistries — NCM (nickel-cobalt-manganese), NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum), LFP (lithium-iron-phosphate), LMO (lithium-manganese-oxide), LCO (lithium-cobalt-oxide), and emerging chemistries — behave very differently at end of life. Some are “economically attractive” […]

As battery use surges, so does the volume of end-of-life cells. For developing countries — many of which already struggle with informal e-waste recycling and weak infrastructure — getting battery recycling right is both an urgent environmental health issue and a strategic economic opportunity. What […]

This is one of those questions that sounds simple but turns out to be delightfully complicated. On the surface, “reuse” and “recycle” seem like two steps in a neat circular loop: use a battery in a car, reuse it in a stationary system, then recycle […]

If batteries were treasure chests, urban mining would be the art of plundering cities for the gold inside them. Today’s lithium-ion batteries contain lots of valuable “treasures” — lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, aluminum and graphite — and the world wants those back. But what […]

Batteries power our phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and grid storage. But when they die, what happens to all that valuable material inside? The answer depends a lot on two things: the chemistry inside the cells (what metals and compounds they use) and the physical format […]

Imagine a world where every dead phone, laptop, and electric vehicle battery is treated like a tiny gold mine. Instead of piles of hazardous waste, we could have a loop where valuable metals and materials are recovered and fed back into new batteries. Sounds simple, […]